Jointer - a manual mechanical or electric tool for leveling the surface of a wooden workpiece. Any carpenter has it, processing a board and an array is not complete without adaptation.
Tool types
The device is of two types: manual and electric.
Hand jointer
This is a metal or wooden tool, the construction of which includes:
- housing;
- holder handle;
- blade (knife).
The length of the block is 90 cm, and the width of the blades is 8 cm. For mini-models, half-shirts, the sole length does not exceed 50 cm. This is convenient for processing large parts.
A variation of the jointing tool is sherbel. As standard, it has a 35 mm wide knife. The tool is used for primary processing of the workpiece. Sherhebel removes chips with a thickness of 2-3 mm.
Another type of jointer is faltsebel. Its narrow interchangeable sole is suited for handling folds, quarters and selections. Zenzbel is equipped with two knives for a cleaner grinding of the surface of small parts.
Electric
This is not a machine tool, but a manual electric device.
Strength is required to trim the workpiece. Professionals often use an electric jointer. He has:
- Larger mass and downforce.
- More precisely processes workpieces.
- Work is much faster.
- The tool has a set of interchangeable nozzles.
A feature of using an electric jointer is the possibility of attaching it to a workbench. It turns out a machine replacing special stationary equipment. It is convenient for home or in a small workshop.
Joiner or planer?
Similar to the names of the tools are understandable: both are designed to align the surface of the workpiece. What is the difference?
Planer and jointer are distinguished by the principle and quality of work:
- The plane performs the initial surface preparation. It removes the top layer of the thickness that the blade is tuned to. Tool planing removes basic bumps, knolls, knots. The design of the planer includes a block and a knife. There can be two cutting elements, then the second one, after the first one, removes thinner wood chips, leveling the surface. Finishes turning a planer does not.
- Jointer - a kind of planer with an improved design. It has a longer and heavier body, which allows the tool to more closely cling to the work surface. 2 blades are built into the tool, tuned to the finishing joint.
Difference from Thicknesser
In the definition of a jointer it is indicated: for leveling the surface of a wood billet and bringing it to a decorative-pure appearance. The gage is needed to transfer parallel lines to the product (see photo). There are no questions about working with a hand tool. They arise when comparing electric jointer and thicknessers.
The work of stationary equipment is the same for both types: they remove the rough edge from the wood. But the essence is different:
- The jointer removes the layer from the board, makes the surface flat, the end edge of the jointer makes it perpendicular to the main one.
- To create strictly parallel product planes you need a thicknesser, but the equipment processes only previously aligned raw materials.
Jointer and planer work in conjunction: one prepares, the other - finally aligns. But this is the case with machine tools.
Manual and electric jointer aligns the surface and the edges clean, and the thicknesser is used to draw parallel lines to a given size.
How to plan boards correctly
Jointing is the surface treatment of a wooden workpiece with a jointer of any kind.
To work with a hand tool, the workpiece is fixed on a workbench. Wood fibers should be in the direction of travel.
The jointer should be taken with both hands: with the left hand - by the handle, with the right - by the block. For lefties, the order is the opposite. The tool is driven along the surface along the fibers, pressing the fixture with its own weight, pushing it forward. At first, the chips will be of different sizes, as the product is ready, it will become long and even in thickness.
The surface is processed in layers to avoid elevation changes and the formation of unnecessary pits.
How to plan with an electric jointer:
- Fix the device on a work bench with an emphasis for a board.
- Turn on the power and slide the board against the blade.
- Spend as many times as necessary to get the result.
When working with equipment, safety measures must be observed:
- Keep your hands away from the blade.
- Use protective clothing.
- Use the clamping holders to move the board. They will protect your fingers from the knife.
In order not to cut off the excess, apply a chalk line to the surface to be treated. The smoothness of its disappearance will tell about the uniformity of scraping. The line has disappeared - it means the surface has become smooth.
Edge processing is the same as grinding the main plane. It is enough to turn the workpiece with the right side to the blade and repeat the steps.
How to get along?
If there is no special tool, you can adapt a conventional cutter. The video shows one of the methods of chisel milling.
For this we need a manual router.
- Measure the distance to the blade on the tool.
- Fasten the board to the workbench.
- Attach a metal or even wooden guide to the board with the workbench so that the distance to the edge coincides with the distance to the blade. It is necessary to leave a small allowance of 2-3 mm for processing.
- Start the router, confidently take it with both hands, position it perpendicular to the edge, resting in the guide profile.
- Treat the surface. One run is enough.
By the same principle, a device is used to align horizontal planes. The video demonstrates the horizontal processing technique.