How to plant onion sets in the winter? Planting onion sevka in autumn is most favorable closer to cold weather (in the Kuban it is the first half of November). Planted within these dates, it will ripen in late May and early June. Onions grown through sowing are the most early ripening; its ripening coincides with the period when there is a lot of heat. This method is especially effective where there is no artificial irrigation. The advantages of onion culture through the sowing are especially pronounced when growing early and sharp varieties. For such varieties, planting by seed is just as necessary as for the seedling cabbage seedling method. But before planting the onion sets, it must be grown. How to grow it from seeds (nigella) - we will talk about this too.
When sowing seeds of onion (chernushka) in the first year, planting material is obtained - onion sevok (oatmeal), from which commodity bulbs are collected in the second year.
This method grows early, mid-early varieties, peninsular, acute: Ellan, Yurzhek, Strigunovsky, Eldorado, Apogee.
Processing onion sets before planting in the fall
A week or two before planting in the ground, the seeds are cleaned of tops, sorted, removing all dried, diseased, sprouted bulbs, moistened, dusted with fentyuram or TMTD (4-6 g per 1 kg of seeds). Processing TMTD can be carried out by immersing the bulbs in a 2-3% working solution for 20 minutes. Then it should be dried. TMTD is not so easy to purchase for private use. Most often it is used by farmers and farms that grow large quantities of onions.
Processing sevka before planting is usually done like this. I place it in a plastic net or from a fabric, lower it for one or two minutes in hot water. Water temperature 50-60 ° С - the hand hardly tolerates such a temperature. Then immediately lower it for the same time in a container with cold water - 15-18 ° C - water of this temperature usually flows from the tap. This treatment of bulbs with water of contrasting temperature prevents the premature formation of arrows on the bow.
You can then withstand the onion sets for 8-10 hours in any nutrient solution. How to cook it? Make a solution of nitrofoska, nitroamofoski or any complex fertilizer, for example, Kemira Lux, according to the instructions. For example, a solution of nitroforski or nitroammophoski - 1 tablespoon in 1 bucket of water.
Now the scourge of all our garden plants is fungal disease. They do not ignore the bow. Therefore, I advise after such a temperature and nutritional treatment to withstand sowing in any copper-containing preparation that will kill the spores of the fungi on the surface of the bulbs or prevent them from being struck if the pathogen is in the ground. Use a solution of copper sulfate - 1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water, or a solution of potassium permanganate bright raspberry color. It is enough to withstand sowing for 5-10 minutes, but before that it is not necessary to wash off the nutrient solution. That is, these operations - heating, cooling, processing with a nutrient solution, a solution of copper sulfate or potassium permanganate - a continuous process, after which you can start planting.
Sorting onion sets according to the size of the bulbs
In the technology of growing onions under winter (winter) planting dates, the size of onion-onion bulbs is of great importance. The quality of storage of the crop in winter depends on it, it depends on it whether it will shoot or not, the timing of the harvest depends on it.
The main task is to get the onion sets of the standard size - 1.6-2.2 cm (first group), since the yield of onion and its quality depend on this. From a seed crop of 2.3-3.5 cm in size (second group), the largest crop is obtained, but it takes too many onions - 1.5-2 kg per hundred. The disadvantage of large seed material is that it reduces the marketability of the crop due to the large percentage of shoot plants. Therefore, usually farmers (for planting for sale) use onion sets of medium size with a diameter of 1.6-2.2 cm (first group). It also gives a high yield, like a large crop, but the consumption of onions is 2-3 times less. Onion sets up to 1.5 cm in diameter (ovule) practically do not form arrows, allows you to get high-quality products (late May-early June), but onions turn out to be the least winter-hardy.
Dates of planting onion sets for winter
For the northern regions of the Krasnodar Territory, the best time for planting sowing is the third decade of October, central - the end of the first decade of November, subtropical - the end of November. The optimal period for other regions of the country is 4-4.5 weeks before the onset of cold weather. It is necessary to calculate so that the bulbs take root before the frost, but do not begin to grow.
Check the planting dates of the onion sets with the lunar sowing calendar for 2019.
If you plant the sowing earlier than the recommended time, then not all the sprouted bulbs will winter, the seedlings will be rare, weakened, and there will be a lot of scattered onions. With late planting, plants may not have time to take root, and this will also lead to the fact that not all of them can survive the winter.
Planting onion sets in the first group (1.6-2.2 cm in diameter) increases the safety of plants after overwintering (up to 90-96%) and productivity, but slightly reduces the yield of standard products, delays the ripening of bulbs by 5-7 days due to for shooting (10-15% of plants).
Norms of planting onion sevka per one hundredth
The rate of planting of onion sets per 1 hundredth depends on the adopted sowing / planting scheme and the group of sets.
For small (oatmeal) it is 350-500 g, for the first group (1.6-2.2 cm in diameter) - 500-800 g, for the second (2.3-3.5 cm in diameter) - 1.5 -2.2 kg.
How to grow onion sets from seeds (nigella)
Crops of onions to the north are placed on fertile areas clean of weeds. Sowing dates depend on weather conditions. It can be sowing in the “February windows” - it is often warm. This may be the sowing of seeds (chernushka) in early spring - as soon as you can go through the excavated earth. Sowing in early spring - tape, multi-line. Sowing pattern: the width of the line (strip) is 8-10 cm, the distance between the strips is 20-30-45 cm. This pattern provides a high percentage of yield of the standard size seed.
To grow onion seeds, a large amount of moisture is required, so they should be embedded in the moist soil layer.
The seeding rates (chernushka) of the first class are 7-8 kg per 10 hundred parts or 700-800 g per 1 hundred parts.
It is necessary to note the peculiarity of agricultural technology for cultivation of seeds. The size of the grown bulbs depends on the depth of seed placement. The best seedlings are formed when the seeds are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm. A smaller seedling gives unprotected seedlings, sparse crops. And the result of this is a large non-standard set. With deep seeding, seeds germinate worse, smaller bulbs form, or even they may not form at all.
The techniques for preparing seeds, harvesting seeds, as well as caring for plants are the same as when growing onions - sowing seeds into the ground.
Harvest dates for onion sets begin in July. It is removed in dry weather, in the lodging phase of the leaves, i.e. when the bulbs are well formed, have an upper dry scale. Full lodging or drying out of the leaves should not be expected, since small onions without leaves are difficult to remove, most of them are lost, and they are difficult to find in the garden. Harvesting must not be late, because it has matured in rainy weather and begins to grow again, forms new roots, is difficult to dry, and is poorly stored.
Sevka can be cleaned with green leaves, only in this case the shrinkage will be 2-2.5 times more than when digging with laden tops. Harvesting it in various phases of ripening tops does not affect the quality of onions.
The cleaning technique is simple. Plants are picked from the ground, laid right there for ripening and sun drying. In sunny weather, a quick outflow of plastic substances from green leaves to succulent scales occurs, the bulb grows, and the leaves and neck dry out. Such onion sets are well stored in cold sheds, in the attics of utility or residential buildings with insulated roofs. It is better to store it in heaps, with uncleaned tops. Additional covering of the set with mats or straw with the onset of frost protects it from sudden temperature fluctuations. Sevk slowly freezes, it also thaws slowly (which is very important), due to which tissue cells do not burst and it does not die.