Birches are suitable for arranging a personal plot, cottages. Plant care is simple. The tree does not need top dressing, it is required to organize only plentiful watering.
Choosing a place to land
Birch is an unpretentious tree, but when planting it, you need to carefully choose a place. It should be borne in mind that every year the plant grows in size. Birch grows up to thirty meters, the trunk becomes about 50 centimeters in diameter.
Close to each other, trees are not planted. Plants do not have and next to buildings, communications.
Landing Rules:
- The distance from the house, outbuildings is 5 m. From the fences - at least 3 m.
- The distance from the sewer, water supply, and drainage is at least 3 m.
- You should not plant birch in the neighborhood of tall trees, you need to retreat about 3-5 m.
- If you plan to create a small alley or hedge, calculate how many seedlings are needed. The distance between the trees is at least 4 m.
- Birch does not get along well with fruitful crops. In the process of growth, it makes the soil around it unsuitable for other plants, absorbs a large amount of moisture from it. It is best to plant near some kind of unpretentious lawn grass.
- Birch is located on the north or east side of the house.
Seedlings
Saplings are grown from seeds, shoots, dug in the forest or bought in a nursery.
When acquiring several plants, it is recommended to choose birch trees of the same age.
Seedling seed
Propagated by birch seeds. In nature, the process is carried out naturally. It’s difficult to grow birch at home.
In the fall, ripened seeds are harvested. To do this, cut the shoots, bind them in a bunch, hang in a dry place. During the week, the final ripening of the seeds occurs. Then they are shaken from earrings, weeded out from unnecessary litter.
Landing is carried out in the year of collection. They add the seeds in autumn or early winter.
The landing site is pre-prepared: the soil is dug up to a depth of 25–35 cm, weeds, large roots are removed, the soil is treated with antifungal agents. Weeds are weeded up to planting seeds.
Sprouted birch must be protected from shading.
The final stage of preparation begins ten days before sowing. At this time, level the soil, make holes 5 cm deep, 10 cm in diameter at a distance of 35-40 cm from each other. Sowing begins on calm nights.
Each hole is fertilized with a two-millimeter layer of humus, and covered with loose soft soil.
In the first weeks after spring germination, birch is vulnerable. At this time, you need to organize plentiful watering. Use a spray gun with such a frequency so as not to allow drying of the upper part of the soil. The roots of the plant at this stage are at a depth of only about 10 cm. Abundant watering is provided until mid-August. In summer, seedlings begin to grow actively only from mid-July, by the end of the season they reach 20-30 cm in height. The largest specimens in the fall can be planted in a permanent place. The rest must be moved to a nursery - a specially prepared and fertilized place. Seedlings form in rows. They are placed at a distance of at least 10 cm from each other. When birches reach a height of 50–80 cm, in the fall of next year, they are planted in a permanent place.
Cutting sapling
The method is rarely used: shoots are poorly rooted.
On an adult birch, a young, already formed stalk 40-60 cm long is chosen. It is carefully cut, put into a mixture of water and a root stimulant. Then transferred to a room with a temperature of about 25 ° C.
After the roots appear, the stalk is planted in a large flower pot. They organize abundant and frequent watering (2-3 times a day), do not allow the drying of the earth, and make fertilizers. After 2-3 weeks, the seedling takes root. It is carefully removed from the pot with the soil, transplanted to a permanent place.
How to choose a seedling in the forest
A campaign for a young birch is best done in early spring, before the leaves bloom on the trees. You can take a seedling in the forest in the autumn, but it can die, not take root after a transplant.
Choose a healthy birch with a height of 80 to 100 cm, without twisted, twisted branches, traces of diseases on the bark.
If the birch was transported from the forest, then complex fertilizer is added to the hole.
The tree is carefully dug around, on three sides they are deepened into the ground with a shovel, a seedling is taken out of the ground. The roots do not shake so that they do not dry. The seedling is placed in a bucket or bag, sprinkled with soil.
Landing rules
Tips:
- A young tree is planted in already prepared land in early spring, when the air temperature does not exceed 10 ° C.
- Dig a hole based on the size of the root system of each tree.
- Before planting, put fertilizer into the hole. The soil mixture should consist of equal parts of the earth, sand, peat and humus.
- Sprinkle birch with earth, lightly tamp. After that make a support.
- Birch requires shading. It can be organized using any available material. The main thing is not to break even fragile shoots.
- Several years after planting in the spring, at the time of leaf formation, fertilizer is applied to the soil. To do this, 2 kg of mullein and 20 g of urea and nitrate are diluted in a bucket of water.
- Pruning a tree during the growth process is not needed. Only dry and broken branches are removed.