Since ancient times, to protect wood from negative influences: moisture, fungal and mold formations, bugs - used oil impregnation - drying oil. The treated surfaces of wooden structures acquired persistent protective properties. Today, the building materials market offers a wide selection of impregnations.
What is drying oil
Film-forming liquid product is a product of thermal processing of vegetable oils with the use of additives. Drying oil can be called boiled oil. There are other types of impregnation created from artificial components.
With the advent of effective materials for the protection of wooden structures outside houses and structures, drying oil was used only to cover the finish of timber fencing indoors.
Principle of oil impregnation
The mass of natural oil in the open space under the influence of warm sunlight and oxygen acquires a thick consistency. The substance applied in a thin layer begins to dry slowly, and as a result of polymerization, the coating turns into a high-density film. Polyunsaturated fatty linoleic and linolenic acids (glycerides) contribute to drying.
Among a large number of vegetable oils, flaxseed and hempseed oil have the highest ability to dry quickly. Sunflower, poppy, nut, rape, castor and other raw materials almost do not thicken due to the low glyceride content. They are not subject to complete polymerization.
To significantly reduce the drying time, vegetable oils are heated by adding desiccant (a compound of metals). As a result of heat treatment, chemical compounds that affect the slowdown of the polymerization process are split into inert substances. Using this technology, wood is treated - drying oil. Various compositions applied in a thin layer on wood, plywood, fiberboard or particleboard, drying out (from 6 to 36 hours) form a hard elastic coating. On average, the compositions dry out during the day.
The agent impregnates the top layer of wood, creating a film with high adhesion. It is used for surface treatment before painting with oil compositions, which significantly reduces paint consumption. Processing is carried out before the subsequent coating of wooden surfaces with wax.
Kinds
Factories of building materials fill the market with many types of impregnations with different characteristics. They are classified as:
- natural;
- semi-natural - oxol;
- combined;
- synthetic;
- alkyd and compositional.
Natural
Natural drying oil is produced according to GOST 7931-76. The product is obtained by thermal processing of natural hemp and linseed oils. Oil must not be diluted with solvents or other chemicals. The use of sunflower oil is excluded. Desiccant is added to the prepared mass - with manganese, cobalt or lead in the amount of 3% of the total mass of the material.
In industrial production, heated raw materials languish (+300 ˚C) in special tanks for 12 hours. The resulting mass is a polymerized or standard impregnation. Sometimes the cooking process is accompanied by air blowing. Such an impregnation is called an oxidized or oxidized agent.
The impregnation looks like an oily translucent substance of different shades. The liquid product has a faint sugary smell of vegetable oil. Linseed linseed oil is much more transparent than its hemp counterpart. Therefore, its quality is assigned the highest grade. All natural liquids reach complete drying within 24 hours.
Seminatural - Oxol
The composition of oxols includes natural oils or mixtures thereof (sunflower, soybean, corn, etc.), occupying up to 60% of the total. A prerequisite for the manufacture of oxols is the use of up to 40% of petroleum polymer resins mixed with desiccants. In the manufacture of semi-natural impregnation, it is allowed to use (GOST 190-78) desiccants of petroleum origin containing manganese, cobalt, lead, or mixtures thereof.
The following components are included in the composition of oxols in% ratio:
- oils and resins - 55%;
- white spirit or turpentine - 40%;
- desiccant - 5%.
Unlike natural products, the oxide has a sharp unpleasant odor that can last a long time.. The advantage of the product is its low price. The most high-quality drying oil is considered to be linseed oil oxide. Impregnation is characterized by durability, increased elasticity, water resistance and hardness.
Combined
Combined formulations are similar to the oxide according to the manufacturing method. The difference lies in the proportions of a mixture of oils (70%) and solvents such as white spirit (30%).
The purpose of the impregnation is protection, staining of wood, the cultivation of oil paints that are densely rubbed. The plaster is coated with a fluid before oil painting. Dries completely in 24 hours.
Combined drying oils produce two grades: K-2 and K-3. Each comes in 2 varieties.
Means of the K-3 brand are used for surface treatment both indoors and outdoors of buildings and structures. They are covered with street poles and wooden buildings to protect against atmospheric precipitation and the appearance of negative formations of an organic nature. The second grade K-3 is slightly darker than the 1st grade product, which is completely transparent.
K-2 does not have a pungent odor and gives the wooden structures a noble fawn color, which is used before coating the surfaces with varnish. Impregnation does not withstand negative atmospheric effects, so it is used only indoors.
Synthetic
In this species, drying oils are inorganic substances. They are a product of oil refining. Popular synthetic impregnations are shale drying oil and artificial Ansol drying oil.
Shale impregnations are made from oil film forming components. A special catalyst is added to the mixture, and then the mass is diluted with shale gasoline. The composition of such a tool includes:
- diesel shale oil feedstocks;
- shale gasoline;
- raw materials from shale generator oil;
- solvent.
The manufacturer adds up to 20% of natural vegetable oils to the impregnation. A modified drying oil is prepared by mixing all the ingredients, followed by heat treatment. Drying time is 24 hours.
Ansol is a completely synthetic product without the inclusion of vegetable oils. Impregnation is prepared from refined products. The oil polymer oil for dilution in technical condition is diluted with a solvent. Because of this drying oil has a sharp unpleasant odor. To get rid of this faster, you need to ventilate the premises well. Over time, the treated surfaces cease to spread an unpleasant odor.
The undeniable advantage of synthetic impregnation is low price. Due to intolerance to sunlight, Ansol is used only for indoor use. The tool shows itself well at the end of the plastering work. Drying oil reliably impregnates the porous surface of the plaster and strengthens it before painting. If we compare the economic benefits of using different types of drying oil, then Ansol claims to be in first place.
Selection recommendations
The choice of type of impregnation is influenced by several factors. The following items can be included in this list.
- For processing surfaces from expensive wood species, impregnations made from linseed and hemp oil are used.
- It is better to process the surfaces of enclosing wooden structures from the outside with oxide or combined compounds.
- Synthetic fluids are suitable for coating wooden surfaces in non-residential premises. They process wood supporting structures of the roof.
- The processing of large areas by Ansolu brings significant savings.
- It is better to take drying oil in a transparent or translucent container. If sediment is found, it is better not to buy such a product.
- Of considerable importance is the cost and type of solvents. When using a spray gun, the impregnation is diluted with a solvent in a ratio of 1: 1.
- When buying, it is better to contact the construction supermarket, where you can get information about drying oil from professionals.
Cost - from 200 rubles per liter. In retail, there are containers up to 10 liters.
Do it yourself
In the presence of a home workshop, drying oil can be prepared independently. A good quality drying oil is obtained from linseed oil. But if there is nowhere to take it, they make home-made impregnation from natural sunflower oil - this is a publicly available and cheap raw material.
The impregnation preparation process includes three stages:
- oil base preparation;
- preparation of desiccant;
- final production of drying oil.
Oil base preparation
The tank is half filled with oil and placed on a stove. When the substrate is heated to 110–120 ° C, water evaporates and foam begins to appear.
Then the foam will subside. Continue cooking for 3-5 hours, increasing the heating temperature to 270 270C. If the edges of the pigeon feather are wrapped in oil, it means that the heating level is sufficient.
Cooking Desiccant
Desiccant is an auxiliary reagent that dramatically reduces the drying time of drying oil. The substance is also added to oil paints.
You can make a desiccant like this:
- 100 parts by weight of rosin are melted at a temperature of 150 ° C in a separate container.
- 5 parts of manganese peroxide are gradually added to the molten mass after the next sedimentation of the foam.
- The mixture was adjusted to 200 ° C and held for 3 hours. The material should become transparent.
Final production of drying oil
Desiccant is carefully introduced into the oil base over low heat, monitoring the level of foam. After the final decline of the foam, the mixture is boiled for 5-10 minutes. Then the container is removed from the stove and the mixture is allowed to cool.
Storage
Storage conditions for viscous impregnation are simple. Store drying oil in open areas for no more than 3 days. Impregnation should be kept in closed containers. In a warehouse, drying oil retains its qualities for about three years. If during this period a sediment appears on the bottom of the vessels, then the product becomes suitable only for ignition. The temperature regime of storage of drying oil ranges from –40 to +40 ˚C.