The staircase in the house plays an important functional role - moving between floors should be convenient and safe. There are many configuration options for this design. The marching look was widely used, and its most popular subspecies is the rotary staircase made of wood. In this article, we will talk about how to properly design and install this type of marching structure.
Types of stairs in construction
Typical designs of stairs are several varieties that differ in bearing elements:
- on skewers (one or two);
- on bowstrings;
- on bolets (they are also called cantilever or hanging);
- screw;
- assembled from ready-made modules, which are often called spinal modules.
Types of Turning Marching Stairs
Marching stairs are divided into two main groups:
- Swivel 90 °. It is used in rooms with large dimensions in order to maintain a comfortable march angle of climb.
- 180 ° swivel. They are being built in small and medium-sized rooms where there is a need to save as much free space as possible.
To make a turn, an intermediate platform or cross-country steps is used.
Do it yourself do-it-yourself staircase
To assemble the design of a rotary marching staircase with your own hands made of wood, you must first calculate the size of all the elements. And already starting from it, calculate the nomenclature and amount of lumber. The calculation is based on the space in which the staircase will be located.
There are so-called standard reference indicators for a rotary ladder:
- marching flight width - 90-120 cm;
- height of steps - 15-20 cm;
- depth of steps - 25-30 cm;
- the steepness of the stairs - 20-45 °;
- the width of the rotary steps in the center of the march - at least 20 cm;
- overhanging steps above each other - no more than 5 cm.
It is very important to consider that there is such a parameter as the height of the passage. This is the size from the flight of stairs to the bottom of the ceiling - it should be at least 190-200 cm. Otherwise, you will have to bend up the ladder in a bent form, which is unacceptable.
If a wooden staircase with a platform is planned in the house, then the dimensions of the latter are selected depending on the width of the two flights of stairs.
Calculation of the rotary ladder
It is convenient to calculate a wooden staircase with a rotation of 90 ° or 180 ° using free online calculators. After clicking on the link, select the type of construction that interests you and perform the calculation.
Fabrication and installation of a supporting bevel
Consider the wooden marching stairs built along the kosoura. Kosoures are selected according to the bearing capacity, which is determined by the cross section of the applied beams. The optimal cross-section of the beam is 50x300 mm. And it is better if it is wood from strong species - beech, oak, larch. However, pine is also suitable.
At the same time, the supporting beam must be prepared, made in the form of a comb. To do this, use two methods:
- Triangular elements are cut out of it to fit the width of the step. Kosou marking
- Set on top of the same triangles cut from another bar. They are attached to the beam with dowels, screws, profiles or glue.
Most often they use the first option, since it is easier to carry out work. The cuts are made with a conventional saw or jigsaw. The cut planes in the future must be processed with sandpaper to create a smooth surface. Steps are cut from a board 4-5 cm thick, their sizes and quantity are determined in the calculation process.
Manufacturing steps and risers
The main thing is to withstand the dimensions of the stepped elements, which were calculated on a calculator. But there is one point where you can save. The riser does not carry any load. It is a decorative element. Therefore, it makes no sense for him to buy thick boards.
For example, if a staircase with a thickness of 40-50 mm is required for steps, then lumber with a thickness of 20-30 mm is suitable for access.
Assembly assembly
Consider the step-by-step instructions for assembling a two-march wooden staircase with a do-it-yourself platform.
- First of all, the site is going to. It is usually installed on four supporting pillars of timber with a cross section of 100x100 mm. They are set vertically at the corners of the site and are fastened together by a strapping of boards 30-40 mm thick and 50-100 mm wide. There are designs when the harness is attached not to the racks, but to the walls. This is usually done if the stairs are small. As a fastener, metal dowels or anchors are used. On the resulting frame, 40-50 mm thick boards are laid, cut to the size of the width or length of the platform - this will be the floor.
- The lower marching span is set. First, the braids are mounted, then the steps are mounted on them. Installation is carried out from the bottom up.
- Installation of the upper march is carried out in the same way. The main task of installing the kosour is to precisely set them to the same size among themselves.
- Installation of balusters and railings, if any, are provided for by the design of the interfloor staircase.
By the way, the installation of wooden stairs on the second floor of the U-shaped type (with a 180 ° turn) is practically no different from the installation of a L-shaped (with a 90 ° turn) option. The difference is only in the form of the design. And all construction operations and calculations are carried out equally.
The installation of stairs with climbing steps differs in purely constructive positions. First of all, there is no intermediate platform, which means that the downstream elements must be attached to something. The same applies to the upper ends of the kosour of the lower span and the lower ends of the support of the upper march. There are several options, but more often they use support posts, which are installed under the oblique edges. They also try to attach the running steps to them.
There is another option, when the upper kosour is extended to the lower. There is a peculiar connection of two load-bearing beams, to which steps and risers are attached at the turn.
Installation of balusters and railings
There are supporting balusters, none of which basically hold the railing, there are intermediate ones that serve as protective elements.
In construction stores you can find ready-made wooden railings and balusters, which are easily adjusted to the required dimensions in terms of their height. They are offered standard fasteners made of plastic or metal. There is no need to cut and customize something. Install the fastener at the installation site, fasten it to the load-bearing elements of the staircase and insert railings and balusters into them.